Pneumatic hammer.



L. E. SUMMERS.

PNEUMATIC HAMMER. A1PLIOATION FILED NOV.11, 191s.

Patented Nov. 8, 1914.

2 SHBBTSSHEET 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LEWIS E. summnns'or DETROIT, MICHIGAN, nssrcnon r0 CHICAGO rnnome'rrc radii;

COMPANY; OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

PNEUMATIC HAMMER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 3, 1914,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Lnwrs E. SUMMERS, a citizen of the United vStates, residing at Detroit, in the county of Wayne and State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pneumatic Hammers, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a pneumatic hammer, more particularly a riveting hammer and the object thereof is to provide a working tool such as a rivet-set which shall be detachably connected with the front end of the hammer barrel or cylinder and be retained in working position against any pos sibility of detachment or expulsion while in use. I successfully accomplish these results by my'form of hammer" and rivet-set and at the same time I provide for a shortening of the set itself and of the barrel or cylinder with the result that the same workmay be accomplished by means of a shorter and lighter hammer, representing an ad,- vantage in addition tm the safety feature and positive holding means for the rivetset.

Other novel and advantageous features of construction in my new form of hammer will be understood from the description hereinafter given. a

In the drawings," Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a pneumatic hammer embodying my invention; Fig. 2 an end view of the front end of the hammer or barrel; Fig. 3 an enlarged sectional elevation of the front end of the hammer; Fig. 4: an elevation of the front end of the hammer; Fig. 5 a section on the line 44 of Fig. 3 and Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9 perspectives illustrating separately the parts shown assembled in Fig. 3, Fig. 6 beingaperspective of the front end of the cylinder, Fig. a perspective of the rivet-set, Fig. 8 a perspective of'the spring and Fig. 9 a perspective of the sleeve.

It will be understood that the particular type and construction of the pneumatic hammer itself as to general features and mode of operation of its valve mechanism are immaterial inasmuch as my invention concerns the working tool or rivet-set and the means for securing the same to the front end of the barrel or cylinder. However, for the purposes of a clear and definite description of my invention I .haveshown the same applied to a well-known Boyer riveting hammer such as exemplified in Boyer Patent No. 917 ,242 issued April 6, 1909, except insofar as the front end of the cylinder has been modified in order to embody my invention. It will therefore sufiice to state, but without any limitation to any specific structure, that the hammer comprises a barrel or cylinder 1' containing a longitudinal piston chamber 2, a reciprocable piston 3 therein, of the cylinder and a distributing valve 5 governing the ports and passages for the admission. and exhaust of the fluid to and from opposite ends of the piston chamber including-a series of ports 6 which extend to the front end of the cylinder and with which my invention is to some extent concerned.

The cylinder 1 is substantially the same as the ordinary cylinder of a Boyer hammer with the exception, first, that it is shorter by omitting the extreme front end in which was formed the space or chamber containing the bushing for the shank of the ordinary rivetset. In the present instance, the cylinder terminates at the front end of the pistoncham-,

ber proper and the passages 6 terminate at such end, the same entering the piston chamber through theports 7. Another exception represented by the present construction is the reduction of the front end of the cylinder and the provision thereon of a series of coupling lugs 8 whose length is at right angles to the axis of the cylinder and which are provided along 'their rearward edges with longitudinal recesses 8 for a purpose hereinafter explained. In the present instance, there are three of these lugs although it will be understood that any desired 11 ber'thereof could be employed.

The working tool which in the present instance is a rivet-set 9 differs essentially from the ordinary rivet-set particularly in being unprovided with a shank' and being substantially a cylinder having at its outer end the usual cavity or recess to form the rivet-head and terminating at its rearward end in a marginal flange 9 This flange in the present instance corresponds in diameter to the diameter of the front reduced end of the cylinder 1 and the inner face of the set bears against the front end face of the cylinder, thereby closing the front end of the piston chamber and the ends of the passages a handle 4 attached to the rear end.

6 sothat the latter means communicate with the piston chamber through the ports 7.

The=rear face'pnhead of the rivet-set thus is-adapted-to close the piston chamber for returning the piston in the manner hereinafter explained and it is in such position.

a the lugs .8 on thecylinder. The spaces intervening between the lugs 10 of the sleeve are of such size as to accommodate the lugs 8 and after the sleeve has been thrust upon the cylinder to the full extent and when-such sleeve is given a partial rotation the lugs 10 will engage the lugs 8, beingseated in the recesses 8 thereof. This construction provides a simple but efficient and easily manipulated coupling means for attachment and detachment of the rivet-set. 7

The spring 11 is 'a coiled spring encircling the body of the rivet-set and bearing at its rearward end against the flange 9 of the set-and its forward end against the inturned flange 10 of the sleeve. This spring serves a threefold function, to wit, first, in holding the rivet-set inplace against the front end of the cylinder, second, in cushioning or absorbing :the jar in case the hammer is acoidentallyoperated and :third in holding the lugs 8 and 10 in their cooperating position.

When the hammer is-operated in the wellknown manner the piston reciprocates-by reason of the admission and exhaust of the motive fluid to and from opposite ends of the piston chamber. The front end of this piston chamber is formed by the head of the :rivet-set so that the motive fluid de livered through the passages 6 will act upon the piston to return it to the rearward end of the piston chamber for the next reciprocation or blow. The rivet-set thus closing the front endof the piston chamber receives the impacts of the piston, which impacts are delivered directly upon the head of the short rivet-set instead of a shank of'a rivet-set.

When it is desired to remove the rivet-set the sleeve forced inwardly slightly and then partly rotated so as to disengage the coupling lugs, whereupon the sleeve and the contained parts are readily removed.

By the use of my invention, I obtainmany advantages not only in matter of manufacture butalso in actual use. Inasmuch as the blow ofthe iston is delivered directly upon the body of the set instead of a shank, greater power is obtained and the die is more durable even with less material. Thus,

there isovercome the-serious objection to the usual form of rivet-sets which break at the 'junction of the shank with the body of the set. Another advantage-of my construction results from the shortening of thehammer barrel or cylinder and dispensing with the usual chamber holding the shank of the die and the rivet-set bushing where trouble is experienced owing to the wearing of these parts, thus allowingthe motive fluid to escape. By shortening the barrel or cylinder material is saved and the weight of the hammer reduced without sacrificing power and inasmuch as the passages such as passages 6 extend directly through the barrel they are easier to drill and also easier to=keep clean. A further .advantage of my invention consists in the fact that the hammer is made safe inasmuch as neither the piston nor the rivet-set can be expelled or detached from the hammer while it is in use, particu-' larly when it is not actually pressed against the work.

1. In a hammer, the combination, with a cylinder having a piston chamber and a reciprocable hammering piston therein and ports and passages for controlling the movements of the piston including passages whose front ends terminate atthe front end of the cylinder and which have lateral com: munication adjacent such ends with the front end of the piston chamber, of a working tool normally closing the front-ends of said latter passages, and means-for holding the tool in operative position on 'the cylinder.

2. In a hammer, the combination, with a cylinder having .a piston chamber and a reciprocable hammering piston therein and ports and passages for controlling the-movements of the piston including passages whose frontends terminate at the front end of the cylinder and which have lateralcommunication adjacent such ends with the frontend of the piston chamber, of-a working tool having its rear face fiat and normally closing the front ends of'said latter passages and also the front end of the pis- 50f the-piston, and yieldable means for-hold-' ing the tool in position on the cylinder.

4. Ina hammer, the combination, with a cylinder having a piston chamber and a meciprocable hammering piston therein and ports and passages for controlling the movements of the piston, of a working tool havinga flat rear head fitting against the front end of the cylinder to receive the impacts of the piston, and a spring for holding the tool in position on the cylinder.

5, In a hammer, the combination, with a cylinder having a piston chamber and a reciprocable hammering. piston therein and ports andpassages for controlling the movements of the piston, of a working tool having a flat rear head fitting against the front end of the cylinder to receive the impacts of the piston, and a sleeve partially incl'osing the tool and fitting over and detachably connected with the cylinder.

6. In a hammer, the combination, with a cylinder having a piston chamber and a reciprocable hammering piston therein and ports and passages for controlling the movements of the piston, of a working tool having a fiat rear headfitting against the front end of the cylinder to receive the impacts of the piston, said head being flanged and a sleeve partially inclosing the tool and having a front restricted opening through which the tool projects, the sleeve fitting over and being detachably connected to the cylinder. v

7. 1n a hammer, the combination, with a cylinder having a piston chamber and a reciprocable hammering piston therein and ports and passages for controlling the movements of the piston, of a working tool having a flat rear head fitting against the front end of the cylinder to receive the impacts 0% the piston, said head being flanged, a sleeve partially inclosing the tool and having a front inturned flange to restrict the front opening through which the tool projects,

and a spring encircling the tool and bearing respectively against said flanged head and said flange of the s'leeve.

8. In a hammer, the combination, with a cylinder having a piston chamber and a reciprocable hammering piston therein and ports and passages for controlling the movements of the piston, of a working tool arranged to fit against the end of the cylinder in position to receive the impacts of the piston, a sleeve fitting upon the front end of the cylinder and partially inclosing the tool, said sleeve having means of coupling to the cylinder including spaced lugs on the inte rior of the inner end of the sleeve, the front end of the cylinder having correspondinglyspaced lugs to cooperate with the sleeve-lugs when the sleeve is partially turned.

9. In a hammer, the combination, with a cylinder having a piston chamber and a reciprocable hammering piston therein and ports and passages for controlling the movements of the piston, of a working tool arranged to fit against the end of the cylinder in position to receive the impacts of the piston, a sleeve fitting upon the front end of the cylinder and partially inclosing the tool, said sleeve having means of coupling to the cylinder including spaced lugs on the interior of the inner end of the sleeve, the front end of the cylinder having correspondingly spaced lugs to cotiperate with the sleevelugs when the sleeve is partially turned, one set, of lugs being recessed to receive and in terlock with the other set,

LEWIS E. SUMMERS. Witnesses:

Y WALTER E. GOULD,

DONALD A YOUNG. I 

